how were townships in south africa used during the apartheid

'Distinguishing Kynoch's book from both the comparative and country-specific literature is the impressive range of sources he uses.t is one of the great strengths of Kynoch's book to show how virtually everything was in flux in the Reef's townships during this period, including who were victims and perpetrators, what violence was used for, and whether violence was political, criminal, or both.' 'Kynoch's book is particularly interesting in that it is the first full-length monograph to focus on the industrial townships along the Eastern Witwatersrand as well as on the southern townships of the Vaal Triangle, which saw some of the fiercest fighting during that time.' Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Swaziland): Wits University Press He has written one previous book, We are Fighting the World: A History of the Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947-1999 (OhioUniversity Press, 2005). Gary Kynoch is Associate Professor of History at Dalhousie University. Challenging the prevailing narrative which attributes the bulk of the violence to a joint state security force and IFP assault against ANC supporters, the author argues for a more expansive approach that incorporates the aggression of ANC militants, the intersection between criminal and political violence, and especially clashes between groups alignedwith the ANC. Exploring these events through the perceptions and memories of combatants and non-combatants from war-torn areas, along with security force members, politicians and violence monitors, offers new possibilities for understanding South Africa's turbulent transition.

This book studies, for the first time, the conflicts between the ANC and the Inkatha Freedom Party that took place in South Africa's industrial heartland surrounding Johannesburg. Yet, while bothdeserved the plaudits they received for entering the negotiations that led to the end of apartheid, the four years of negotiations preceding the April 1994 elections, known as the transition era, were not 'peaceful': they were the bloodiest of the entire apartheid era, with an estimated 14,000 deaths attributed to politically related violence. de Klerk and African National Congress (ANC) leader Nelson Mandela were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 'for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime'. In 1993 South Africa state president F.W.

A powerful re-reading of modern South African history following apartheid that examines the violent transformation during the transition era and how this was enacted in the African townships of the Witwatersrand.

How were townships in south africa used during the apartheid